To evaluate the accuracy of 11C-choline positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for nodal staging of prostate cancer (PCa) in different populations of high-risk patients.
Patients and Methods
We evaluated 262 individuals with intermediate- or high-risk PCa submitted to radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Within men with high-risk disease, we identified a subgroup of individuals harboring very high-risk (VHR, n = 28) disease: clinical stage ≥ T2c and more than 5 cores with Gleason score 8-10; primary biopsy Gleason score of 5; 3 high-risk features; or prostate-specific antigen ≥ 30 ng/mL. The diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) was assessed after stratifying patients according to risk group classification on a patient- and anatomic region–based analysis.
Results
On patient-based analysis, considering high-risk patients (n = 155), 11C-choline PET/CT versus CECT had sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 76% versus 21% and 92%, respectively. Considering VHR men as separate subgroups (n = 28), 11C-choline PET/CT versus CECT had sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 93% versus 25% and 79%, respectively. Accordingly, in the VHR category, the area under the curve of 11C-choline PET/CT versus CECT was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.0) versus 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.86), respectively. On anatomic region–based analysis, considering the VHR group, 11C-choline PET/CT versus CECT had sensitivity and specificity of 70.6% and 95.5% versus 35.3% and 98.5%, respectively.
Conclusion
Patients with VHR characteristics could represent the ideal candidate to undergo disease staging with PET/CT before surgery with the highest cost efficacy. 相似文献
Advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a very aggressive, rare neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with a high frequency of locoregional recurrence and metastasis, and a high mortality rate. Surgical resection, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and radiotherapy represent the gold standard of treatment in patients with localized disease, while chemotherapy has a significant role in the treatment of advanced disease. However, no definitive evidence on the survival impact of radiotherapy in the advanced stages has been provided to date, and response to chemotherapy remains brief in the majority of cases, indicating an urgent need for alternative approaches. Biological and genome sequencing studies have implicated multiple molecular pathways in MCC, thus leading to the development of new agents that target angiogenic factors, anti-apoptosis molecules, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, intracellular signal proteins such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and peptide receptors such as somatostatin receptors. More recently, immunotherapy agents such as avelumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, which act by blocking the programmed cell-death (PD)-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint, have shown promising results, especially in the advanced setting, and should now be considered standard of care for metastatic MCC. Current research is focusing on developing new immunotherapeutic strategies, identifying predictive biomarker to aid in the selection of patients responsive to immunotherapy, and defining combination approaches to increase efficacy in refractory patients. 相似文献
As older-aged population is continuously increasing, it is essential to promote physical activity (PA) to preserve health and autonomy in daily living. Although several methods have been proposed, combining sustainability and efficacy at the same time is still a challenge.
Aims
To evaluate the effects of a semi-structured PA (SSPA) intervention including aerobic as well as strength and flexibility exercise in comparison to generic PA advice (PAAdv) in healthy older adults.
Methods
86 sedentary older adults were divided in two groups, SSPA (n?=?56) and PAAdv (n?=?30). Body weight (BW) and circumferences, blood pressure (BP), submaximal exercise heart rate (HR), as well as Chair Stand Test (CST), Arm Curl Test (ACT), Chair Sit-and-Reach Test (CSRT) and Back Scratch Test (BST) were performed before and after 16 weeks of intervention. SSPA group was further divided in SSPA?>?500 and SSPA?<?500 according to the total amount of PA performed (cut-off level of 500 MET min/week).
Results
Overall, SSPA groups improved more than the PAAdv group on WC, HC, BP, CST, ACT, CSRT and BST. SSPA?>?500 improved more than SSPA?<?500 and PAAdv on CST (+?20.2, +?11.3, +?4.5% respectively), ACT (+?21.5, +?14.9, ??1.3%, respectively), and CSRT (+?3.7, +?0.80, +?0.75 cm, respectively), and similarly to SSPA?<?500 on BST. Submaximal HR values significantly decreased for the SSPA?>?500 and PAAdv groups.
Conclusions
An SSPA program represents an ecological way to enhance fitness in older adults. A greater amount of SSPA (>?500 versus <?500 MET min/week) is associated with higher cardiovascular and muscular fitness benefits.
Voriconazole plasma exposure greatly varies among haematological patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the magnitude of influence of comedications with CYP inhibitors and/or with CYP inhibitors plus CYP inducers on voriconazole trough level (Cmin). Voriconazole Cmin was retrospectively assessed among haematological patients who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Univariate and multivariate linear mixed‐effect regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of normalized Cmin. Of the 83 included patients, 35 had comedications with CYP inhibitors (omeprazole or pantoprazole) and 21 with CYP inhibitors (omeprazole or pantoprazole) plus CYP inducers (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, rifampin or carbamazepine). Median Cmin value (n = 199) was 2.4 mg/L with a wide range of distribution (<0.2–13.5 mg/L). Median (IQR) normalized voriconazole Cmin value was significantly higher in the presence of CYP inhibitors (4.20 mg/L, 3.23–5.51 mg/L) than either in the absence of interacting cotreatments (2.55 mg/L, 1.54–3.47 mg/L) or in the presence of CYP inhibitors plus CYP inducers (2.16 mg/L, 1.19–3.09 mg/L). The presence of CYP inhibitors was highly significantly associated with Cmin >5.5 mg/L (OR: 23.22, 95% CI: 3.01–179.09, p = 0.003). No significant association emerged when CYP inhibitors were coadministered with CYP inducers (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 0.36–34.95, p = 0.280). The amount of expected Cmin increase was significantly influenced by both the type and the dose of the administered proton pump inhibitor. The study highlights that the benefit from TDM of voriconazole may be maximal in those patients who are cotreated with CYP inhibitors and/or with CYP inhibitors plus CYP inducers, especially when receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) at very high dosages intravenously. 相似文献
FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya?) is an FDA-approved immunosuppressant currently used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. However, a large number of studies over the last few years have shown that FTY720 shows potent antitumor properties that suggest its potential usefulness as a novel anticancer agent. Interestingly, the restoration of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity mediated by FTY720 could play a key role in its antitumor effects. Taking into account that PP2A inactivation is a common event that determines poor outcome in several tumor types, FTY720 could serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy for cancer patients with such alterations. 相似文献